Throughout history, science has been an indispensable tool that has transformed the world and our understanding of it. But what if we told you that we only remember a part of the people who made all these scientific advances possible? For centuries, women scientists and their contributions have been erased and diminished. Even today, many women scientists continue to face numerous obstacles, both in their professional careers and in their daily lives. This historical discrimination, which invisibilizes women?s achievements and hinders the development of their professional careers, is known as the Matilda Effect and highlights the three fundamental pillars of the discrimination they face: barriers, invisibilization, and naturalization.  "Matildes. Les grans oblidades de la història de la ciència" compiles the lives of forty-five women scientists with the aim of contributing to a change in the way we understand their role in the history of science, making role models visible, and providing tools to understand gender discrimination from an intersectional perspective. The book showcases diverse examples in terms of ethnicity, social class, historical context, affective-sexual diversity, and functional diversity, among other factors. It also includes activities designed for classroom use (mainly for secondary school levels) and complementary resources aimed at inspiring new generations, fostering critical thinking and respect for diversity, breaking down barriers, and building a more inclusive future.